Answers to CLATraining workshop handbook

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Answers to CLATraining LR Classroom Sample Problems

1. a. The police can use lie-detectors to unearth clues and help with the investigation and look for other admissible evidence as there is no law against the use of lie-detectors. However evidence found directly from a lie-detector test can not be used in courts in any form.

2. c. The principles are quite clear that foreign forms can not undertake any work for Indians; however they can work in India and do their overseas work in India through outsourcing.

3. b. The Constitutional Conventions are binding in nature.

4. c. One of the fundamental duties is to respect the national anthem and it is not necessary to sing it. This is the compromise that can be reached be in this conflict between fundamental rights and duties.

5. c. In times of crisis; unilateral action is possible and later UN has to be informed about this necessity.

6. e. Tina’s status is unaffected by the fact of the second marriage and so she gets a share alongwith Anil and Mohan.

7. c. Dr. X’s duty to protect lives and promote good health is not limited to his patients and everyone he might come in contact with. Since X had not informed M about his condition; it was his duty to inform M.

8. d. Government contracts can only be given out through proper processes and Arjun’s supporters should have known that. Arjun’s promise accompanied an illegality hence it can’t be fulfilled.

9.  a- The agent did not in the first place perform the contract. If he had got the visa for the dates Akash specified then the matter of delay would have had to be decided, but he did not perform the contract in the first place by getting the visa for the wrong dates.

10. a. the land is needed for a public purpose since it would solve the water problems of the area and hence can be acquisitioned but compensation has to be paid to Saket for his loss.

11. a. Spreading false rumors about someone amounts to defamation; a legal injury. Compensation can be claimed because of this. However loss of customers because they prefer someone else is not an injury recognized by law.

12. a and d. Extra-ordinary damage should be real and should not be something that would normally accrue from an event. It is quite understandable that people will get delayed and miss appointments because of roadblocks etc. However when flights are missed and the next flight is for 2 days or when operations had to be had they are extra-ordinary losses.

13. c. It is the duty of the doctor to ascertain the condition of the patient before performing the operation. He omitted to ask the relevant questions and perform preliminary tests.

14. a. Surya read the sign and still entered the garden. He did not enter the garden by mistake. The tort of trespass does not involve causing of harm and even though Surya had no intent of causing harm he is still liable. 

15. a. Prerna having endorsed Deechen’s purchases earlier has given the store to believe that Deechen bought books on her behalf. So, Prerna along with Deechen is liable to reimburse the store.

16. c. Because it questions the constitutionality of the IPC provision and makes the strongest case for questioning it. Option (a) seeks to create an exception to the IPC provision when the wording of the principle is clear enough; hence this is not likely to have much success. Option (b) is clearly wrong as Rati and Pranesh are not in the same situation. Option (d) again is unlikely to succeed as there is no right in the Constitution for helping people realize their rights.

17. c. For the purposes of taxation; ‘all income’ is taxed and whether the trade or business is lawful or not does not matter. The state taxes income invariably and such taxation has nothing to do with the type of trade or business carried out by the person being taxed. Taxation can not be taken to mean endorsement. If Al Bhusan is required to declare his income from illegal sources it would amount to incriminating himself hence he can be taxed when he is caught but the state can not expect him to pay taxes voluntarily.

18. b. Option (a) is for educational purposes. Option (c) is for private use as Lalu doesn’t rent out these movies. Option (b) – Just the medium of expression has changed and the storyline still remains same so Fowling may not treat the storyline of the play as if it was his own creation.

19. a. A is incapacitated to enter into a second marriage being an Indian. His capacity to enter into relations of marriage depends upon Indian law.

20. b. Gremlin Temple used their discretion and speculated on the market. It is common to buy shares at a low price and sell them at a higher price. As long as they were investing into a blue-chip company Ramola had no say having authorized them to take decisions on her behalf.

Set II

1.  a. 1 mark b. 2 marks c. 3 marks

Option a. takes a restrictive interpretation while option b. does not deal with principle 2 in its entirety. Option c. on the other hand covers the two principles and applies them to the fact situation squarely. While the kripan is a religious symbol for Sikhs; the one possesses by Avinder Singh is of dangerous proportions and can be used as a weapon.

2.  a. 1 mark b. 3 marks c. 2 marks

Right to die is a fundamental right but this is an individual right and it does not give others the right to help people committing suicide. Therefore criminal law which penalises assisted suicide is not in conflict with fundamental rights.

3.  a. 3 marks b. 1 mark c. 2 marks

Budan is no doubt a sovereign nation but it has lost its sovereign rights because it has not been able to contain ethnic violence. It is Security Council’s mandate to keep an eye on such scenarios and take appropriate action. The Security Council is competent to take military action and presence of other options does not affect that.

4. a. 1 mark b. 3 marks c. 2 marks.

Principle 2 is in the nature of an exception to principle 1 therefore there must be a reasonable opportunity to find out about the laws and principle 1 can not be used as a blanket provision.

5. a. 3 marks b. 2 marks c. 1 mark

The answer can be arrived at once the nature of the power enshrined in Principle 1 is determined and the power so mentioned is discretionary and not in the nature of a duty. When the President exercises this power to pardon someone he has to keep the precedents in mind but there is nothing to force him to use this power.

6. a. 2 marks b. 3 marks c. 1 mark

Principle 2 fits in squarely with the fact situation and can be used to pose the best challenge to the government action. While Principle 1 seems lucrative; the state government has still got power to impose taxes on road transport and the taxes will be valid. Principle 3 is not mandatory to comply with as the word ‘may’ is used.

7. b- 3 marks, a- 2 marks, c – 1 mark. The case of the firms rests on the fact that a new law has been brought in to punish them for past actions. Hence, if it can be proved within the parameters of the given principles that the law does not penalize past actions; rather it looks at the current state of accounts then the case of the firms can be negated. Another way of negating the case maybe by claiming that the law is not penal in nature as the fine imposed is for the costs incurred in monitoring and not for punishment. However, if it is claimed that such a law is in public interest then it would amount to admitting its retrospective nature; so this argument should be used as last resort.

8. a. 1 mark b. 2 marks c. 3 marks

Option (a) deals with the first principle not taking into account the second principle. Option (b) covers both the principles but the proper application is lacking. Option (c) deals with both the principles and correctly applies them to the fact situation.

9. a. 1 mark b. 2 marks c. 3 marks

Option [c] is the most comprehensive of all solutions dealing even with relationships outside marriage. Option [b] and [c] cover all sorts of violence; i.e. physical as well as mental violence while option [a] covers only physical violence.

10. a. 2 marks b. 1 mark c. 3 marks

The claims in the prospectus are widely accepted and the university is one of the best despite a few bad teachers and lack of internet facilities thereof. Therefore one is liable to choose the university over others even without the internet facilities. Option [c] combines both the principles while option [a] deals only with the first principle. Option [b] although quite a logical answer does not derive from the given principles.

11: c. Rampyare is a welder and his work did not involve collecting damaged cars so any such collection would be outside the scope of his employment.

12. a. Disturbance at night is unreasonable even in an industrial city. The plant has been cleared by the government but that does not mean that the construction can proceed in any manner the plant owners like. The construction work will have to stop during nights.

13. c. For defamation publication is essential and not mere printing. In this case the defamatory statements have not travelled beyond Nav Yuva Samaj; hence there is no publication.

14. b. Deckard was not bound to watch the show. The broadcasters catering to massive audiences can not be held liable for people who are extremely sensitive when they have a choice of not watching these shows. Deckard should have just switched off the television or changed the channel when the squeamish scenes came.

15.c. Self-explanatory. The act of guarding against floods involves such routing of water and these acts are as unavoidable as the floods themselves.

16. b. The proceedings were started after the police investigation; Raghuram merely informed the police of his suspicions. He can’t be blamed for instituting the proceedings.

17. c.

18. b. The principle requires quantifiable loss so (a) does not qualify as a tort.

19. C. Against the contention of strict liability – The dangerous object must have escaped but in this case the dog never left Mr. Rajneesh’s compound.

20. b. If the judges have nothing to hide; then declaration of assets will not be a means of harassment and hence there is no question of their independent functions being affected.

Answers to CLATraining LR Sample Test Problems

1. C
2. C
3. (c) Rampyare is liable for nuisance because a road is a public place and extending a shop into it can interfere with movement on it and thus prevent its proper use.
4. D
5. A. Aksath was attempting to steal Saket’s car and such an attempt is also a crime.
6. b. Varun and Arjun had not agreed on the same thing in the same sense. They had agreed on two different restaurants hence there was no contract.
7. a. John knew well that he looked like M.F. Hussain and Devina was mistaken. He wasn’t an artist yet he demanded an exorbitant sum, thus the contract is void.
8. d. Sid did not enter into the contract fraudulently, he gave all the facts to the jeweller correctly and the jeweller thereafter entered into the contract. In the event of his break-up Sid is powerless and could not have done anything to fulfil his obligations. In fact he fulfilled his obligations when he gifted the jewellery to his girlfriend.
9. a. Aparna can not enforce her fundamental right since Queenfisher Airlines is privately owned and neither state nor a machinery of the state.
10. c. Keeping a lookout is also participation. It is essential for an armed robbery to succeed that a lookout needs to be established; hence each one of them is liable for dacoity.
11. b. Clear application of the principle.
12. b. This is not a case of double jeopardy because in the first instance Anthony was sought to be prosecuted for attempt to murder and in the second instance for murder. These are two distinct offences.
13. a. Time is allowed only for transport purposes and that means the shortest and the safest route should be taken to any court of law. Taking the accused to the U.P. might have been necessary but was in violation of a law.
14. c. Self-explanatory answer; although (b) and (c) seem attractive. Freedom of speech includes all forms of exercise of this right. Corporations and organizations also have this right.
15. A. The principle requires only moving the property with dishonest intention and Anu has done that. She put the gloves into her bag with dishonest intention so she is guilty.
16. b. Although the fire was brought under control; it could have spread and Sahayata Singh’s actions were meant to take care of such an eventuality. He is not liable.
17. c. The principle is intended to root out bias and anyone who would be biased during deciding cases or investigating should not be involved with the case.
18. b. It is clear from the facts that Shringar does not get reimbursed for her services and she is not officially enrolled as a teacher. So, she can contest elections.
19. c. As is apparent from his actions; he waited for a dark corner and sneaked upon Nagarjun; Satyendra was not under the influence of alcohol and had not lost the faculties of decision-making.
20. d. Straightforward application of the principle. Mere apprehension in the mind of the person being assaulted is enough. In this case a legitimate fear was created in Dinesh’s mind by the actions of Charles.
21. a. Rambharose had the dishonest intention to steal the watch and he moved it to later take it.
22. d. Amit’s actions are well thought out and deliberate. He might be young but he had the required mens rea.
23. d. The board is liable because electricity is a hazardous substance and the principle quite clearly leaves out the scope of any defence from being taken.
24. a. A letter from a husband to the wife constitutes publication. And the father-in-law can sue for defamation. Matters of evidence should not be taken into account while deciding whether a person can sue or not, because defamation can be proved in other ways.
25. b. The defendant had taken sufficient care to avoid any damage and considering the risk of the damage involved it did not warrant a closure of the factory.
26. b. Liability can arise only in cases of negligent acts and gifting a toy gun to a kid is not a negligent act.
27. c. Handcuffing was not necessary when the manager was willing to come with the police. So, there was no lawful justification for handcuffing and chaining and would constitute battery.
28. c. Self-explanatory.
29. c. Although they are husband and wife, there is hardly any love and affection between them in view of the repeated quarrels. Hence, absence of consideration would render the contract invalid.
30. b. Coercion involves an activity that is made punishable under I.P.C. Threatening criminal prosecution where it is justified is no coercion.
31. b. A wagering agreement is one in which the payment is based on an uncertain event and either party stand to gain or lose depending upon the outcome. Another essential of a wager is that neither party has control over the event. In this case the prize amount was given by a third party not the parties themselves. The Rs. 5000 forfeiture is out of the fee for appearance in the race and not out of the pocket of the cyclist.
32. b. The contract of writing the book and getting paid for it was not contingent upon the government’s programme. The government could have used it in any way they liked. They can not refuse to pay Bakshi the amount that is due to him.
33. c. A bailee is required to take reasonable care of the goods and in this case; Arjun has taken reasonable care of the goods in the circumstances.
34. b. The procedure established by law for taking someone’s life should be a just procedure. In other words it should subscribe to the principles of natural justice. No one can be executed without being heard; in other words without a trial. The law itself is in violation of the right to life.
35. c. Air Force and defence services need not take care to uphold the fundamental rights of the employees because they are exempted from the definition of state when it comes to certain fundamental rights.
36. c. Agni Singh might have delivered an inflammatory speech but for all he could have meant to overthrow the government in the elections. He was certainly not calling for a coup and can not be held guilty for the violence of his supporters.
37. b. Rains and landslides are commonplace in Cherrapunji hence Ajith should have taken precautions like creating embankments or constructing the huts uphill. He can’t take the defence of act of god.
38. b. A master is only liable for those acts of the servants which are in their course of employment. The driver left the bus in care of the conductor but that does not mean he was authorized to drive. As far as the conductor’s act was unauthorized; Sambhav can’t be held liable.
39. b. Aksath is not liable because his neighbour is extra-sensitive. If the scent of incense sticks would have in general been troublesome then he would have been liable.
40. b. The courier guy had to enter the property because it is common practice to sign a receipt slip after receiving a courier and putting the package in a letter box would not have sufficed. 

Answers to CLATraining English Classroom sample passages

Answers to Practice Passage I: -

1. c.
2. a
3. d
4. b
5. d
6. c
7. c
8. c

Answers to Practice Passage II

1. c
2. b
3. d
4. d
5. b
6. c
7. c
8. a

Answers to CLATraining English Test passages

Passage I

1 : E

2 : C

3 : D

4 : D

5: B

Passage II

1 : B

2 : A

3: E

4 : A

Passage III

1: C

2 : A

3 : B

4 : E

Passage IV

1 : D

2: A

3 : E

4 : B

5 : C

6 : D

7 : E

8. B

Passage V

1 : D

2 : E

3 : A

4 : E

Passage VI

1: B

2: E

3 : C

4 : E

5 : A

6: E

7 : D

Passage VII

1: D

2 : B

3 : C

4 : B

5 : A

6 : B

7 : A

8. C

Answers to Classroom CR sample problems

1. b - The reviewer compares Delhi6 with Rang De Basanti and notes that while the former is a good movie in its own right; it is not just as good as the latter. Given both the movies are by the same director he expected the latter to be as good as the former.
2. c - The author is making certain assertions of facts; by identifying trends in World History; there is no reasoning involved.
3. b. Closure can be obtained if the families of the victims realize that the perpetrators are repentant.
4. c. Only General Assembly can admit members into the UN. The Security Council can only recommend entry.
5. b. Since, there is no guarantee of continuance of seasonal or small enterprises; employment can not be guaranteed and hence any restrictions placed on laying-off would be unreasonable.
6. b. If Hindu right wing parties were popular among Hindu electorate they would do better in elections.
7. c. Even Indian judiciary has toyed with Constitutional norms by laying far fetched interpretations on the original words of the Constitution.
8. d.
9. d. If historically men have been irresponsible then this can’t suddenly be a cause of the rise in divorces unless there is some other factor at play.
10. d. Good or Evil is a matter of human perspective and since people are undecided about which acts are criminal; this goes on to support the observation about the variety of human perspective.
11. b. It follows from the passage that many tourists and workers never returned from Europe causing a strain on its economy which also resulted in political unrest. Therefore governments were forced to tighten immigration laws.
12. C
13. D
14. D
15. A
16. E
17. E
18. B
19. A
20. b

1. Ans : D
2. Ans : E
3. Ans : D
4. Ans : C
5. Ans : C
6. Ans : E
7. Ans : A
8. Ans : E
9. Ans : D
10. Ans : B
11. Ans : D
12. Ans : C
13. Ans : D
14. Ans : B
15. Ans : E
16. Ans : B
17. Ans : C
18. Ans : A
19. Ans : A
20. Ans : E
21. Ans : C
22. Ans : E
23. Ans : E
24. Ans : E
25. Ans : A
26. Ans : C
27. Ans : B
28. Ans : A
29. Ans : B
30. Ans : C
31. Ans : E
32. Ans : A
33. Ans : D
34. Ans:E

Answers to Analytical Reasoning Sample Test Problems:

Q1. Answer: (b)

Explanation: the facts do not state anything that is stated in Statement I

Q2. Answer: (d)

Explanation: the statement states the proteins to be “essential”, therefore both I and II follow

Q3. Answer:  (d)

Explanation: it is a right that is why it has been availed and a complaint will redress the problem

Q4. Answer: (b)

Explanation: The tone of the statement is very clear. Try to put you in place of the speaker

Q5. Answer: (d)

Explanation: the notice serves as a warning which people will abide by

Q6. Ans. A.

Q7. Ans. B.

Q8. Ans. C

Q9. Ans. D.

Q10. Ans. B.

Explanations for answers 6-10: The representatives were standing in the following order, from left to right: Falkland, Buffalo, Mizoram, Aberdeen, Finland, Cambodia and Macao.

Q11. Ans. A

Q12. Ans. B

Q13. Ans. C.

Q14. Ans. D.

Q15. Ans. A

Explanations for answers 11-15: R lives on the ground floor, V on the first and then T, Q, S, P and U upwards, with U on the topmost, i.e. 6^th floor.

Q16. The correct answer is A.

Explanation: G is the sister of H and  is the daughter of H.

Q17. A

Explanation: M is married to G and F is G’s mother.

Q18. C

Explanation: L is the uncle of Q. L’s sister N is Q’s mother.

Q19. D.

Explanation: T’s daughter V is married to L.

Q20. Ans. D.